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Maximizing Energy Generation in Agrivoltaic Systems: A Study of Bifacial and Monofacial Modules With Consideration of Module Height and Albedo Impact
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DOI：10.1002/ese3.70443.png)
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Abstract
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This study evaluates the performance of bifacial and monofacial photovoltaic (PV) modules in agrivoltaic systems (AV) using PVsyst simulations, addressing the challenge of balancing agricultural productivity with PV yield. Its novelty lies in integrating field-measured, monthly albedo data from a wheat field into system modelling and analyzing the specific influence of module height on bifacial performance. The methodology includes albedo measurements, AV design, and comparative simulations of monofacial and bifacial modules at 4 m (AV1) and 5 m (AV2) installation heights. Results indicate that bifacial modules produce 19.46% more energy than monofacial modules, and the height difference between AV1 and AV2 yields only a marginal annual gain of 380 kWh. Aligning module azimuth to the field orientation (−44°) minimizes agricultural disruption but causes a 5.3% loss in global radiation, illustrating operational trade-offs. A layout of five module rows spaced 10 m apart prevents shading overlap, yielding a low shading factor (0.016). Overall, the simulations demonstrate that realistic albedo integration can enhance bifacial output by up to 19.48%, while also revealing the occasional incompatibility between maximizing PV generation and maintaining agricultural functionality in AVs.
Keywords:
agrivoltaic systems
Albedo effect
bifacial photovoltaic modules
energy generation optimization
photovoltaic module height
PVsyst
sustainable farming
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