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Mechanically customizable polymers for ionic skins
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DOI：10.1007/s40843-026-4252-y.png)
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Abstract
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To reliably acquire high-fidelity motion monitoring signals, strain-sensitive ionic skins require robust mechanical adaptability and compliance with human body joints. However, current ionic skins demonstrate limited conformability and durability in accommodating the mechanical variations of different body joints. Herein, we achieve the mechanical customization of ionic skins through thermal post-treatment-controlled hydrogen bond network evolution. This is enabled by a polymer composite composed of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a fluorinated acrylate copolymer (PTFAA). Along with the thermally triggered transition from weak to strong hydrogen bond types, the mechanical strength and Young’s modulus of the PEG-PTFAA composites increase by 3.2–8.2 and 4.7–11.7 times, respectively. We also show that incorporating lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) into polymer networks enables mechanically customizable and conductive PEG-PTFAA-LiTFSI ionic skins. Through a simple heat treatment, the mechanical properties of PEG-PTFAA-LiTFSI can be customized, with mechanical strength linearly growing from 1.6 to 7.0 MPa, and Young’s modulus linearly growing from 66.2 to 308.1 kPa, while maintaining high ductility and stable sensing performance. This approach allows ionic skins to flexibly adapt to the mechanical characteristics of different human body joints, offering a new pathway for customizing the on-skin motion monitoring sensors.
Keywords:
mechanical customization
ionic skins
mechanical compliance
stimuli-response
sustainable materials
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