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Melanoma
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DOI：10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31559-9.png)
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Abstract
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Cutaneous melanoma causes 55 500 deaths annually. The incidence and mortality rates of the disease differ widely across the globe depending on access to early detection and primary care. Once melanoma has spread, this type of cancer rapidly becomes life-threatening. For more than 40 years, few treatment options were available, and clinical trials during that time were all unsuccessful. Over the past 10 years, increased biological understanding and access to innovative therapeutic substances have transformed advanced melanoma into a new ontological model for treating solid cancers. Treatments that target B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-kinase (BRAF)(V600) (Val600) mutations using selected BRAF inhibitors combined with mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors have significantly improved response and overall survival. Furthermore, advanced cutaneous melanoma has developed into a prototype for testing checkpoint-modulating agents, which has increased hope for long-term tumour containment and a potential cure. These expectations have been sustained by clinical success with targeted agents and antibodies that block programmed cell-death protein 1 in locoregional disease, which induces prolongation of relapse-free, distant-metastasis-free, and overall survival times.
Keywords:
DABRAFENIB PLUS TRAMETINIB
INVESTIGATOR-CHOICE CHEMOTHERAPY
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS MELANOMA
AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE
TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS
INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA
LYMPH-NODE DISSECTION
STAGE-III MELANOMA
HIGH-RISK MELANOMA
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ShareSaveLong term results of a randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group on 2-cm versus 5-cm resection margins for patients with cutaneous melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm.png)
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