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Microbial and electrochemical responses to different anode substrates in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells treating azo dye wastewater
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DOI：10.1007/s10800-026-02474-7.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Constructed wetlands (CWs), widely adopted as eco-engineered systems for wastewater treatment are often restricted by slow treatment kinetics limiting their efficiency for treating complex wastewaters. Integrating CWs with microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology provides an effective strategy to enhance pollutant removal with simultaneously energy recovery. In this study, an up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) system was investigated with three different anode substrate materials - graphite granules (GG), granular activated carbon (GAC), and calcined petroleum coke (CPC) for azo dye decolorization under batch and continuous operating conditions. Among the tested materials, the GAC-based CW-MFC exhibited superior performance, achieving the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 86.7 +/- 4.6%, followed by GG (77.8 +/- 5.3%) and CPC (72.9 +/- 4.8%). The same reactor also delivered the maximum volumetric power density of 0.15 Wm(-3) and the lowest internal resistance. Batch experiments with Acid Black 1 dye (50-200 mg L- 1) demonstrated effective decolorization across all reactors, with approximately 80% removal at 200 mg L- 1 using the GAC anode. Continuous-flow operation further improved treatment efficiency, resulting in over 90% dye decolorization at an optimized hydraulic retention time of 3 days. Microbial community analysis revealed enrichment of electroactive and anaerobic taxa, particularly Geobacter and members of the Desulfobacterota phylum, in the GAC anode supporting enhanced system performance. This study highlights the critical role of the type of anode substrate selected in enhancing CW-MFC performance. The enrichment of GAC anode with electroactive genera, particularly Geobacter (10.2% relative abundance), corroborates the link between substrate properties of anode and bioelectrochemical activity. To validate these findings under more complex and variable conditions, further investigations using real industrial wastewater, are needed for long-term operational stability assessments and techno-economic analysis. [GRAPHICS]
Keywords:
Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell
Azo dye
Anode substrates
Anaerobic zone
Microbial community
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