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Microphallus pseudopygmaeus (Digenea) infects phylogenetically distant gastropods, with signs of host-linked genetic divergence
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DOI：10.1051/parasite/2026016.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Host-switching between distantly related host species offers rare insight into how parasites overcome compatibility barriers and initiate evolutionary divergence. Microphallus pseudopygmaeus is exceptional among digeneans in its ability to infect gastropods from two distantly related subclasses, Vetigastropoda and Caenogastropoda. This study aimed to test the hypothesis about the species status of M. pseudopygmaeus and clarify its host range. We obtained partial sequences of the cox1 gene, 28S rDNA and ITS2 for M. pseudopygmaeus from nine host species, including Margarites spp. (Vetigastropoda). The data on the conservative and variable markers, phylogenetic and barcoding gap analyses, supported the unity of the species and its broad specificity to the first intermediate hosts. The cox1-based haplotype network revealed host-associated genetic divergence, particularly in isolates from Margarites spp. and Cryptonatica affinis. This pattern may result from localized circulation of the parasite in the regions where certain host species, such as Margarites spp., dominate in the absence of periwinkles, creating ecological conditions that could promote reproductive isolation and incipient speciation. This work opens up the prospects of using M. pseudopygmaeus as a model for studying host-switching and speciation in parasites. Le passage d'un h & ocirc;te & agrave; un autre entre des esp & egrave;ces h & ocirc;tes & eacute;loign & eacute;es offre un aper & ccedil;u rare de la fa & ccedil;on dont les parasites surmontent les barri & egrave;res de compatibilit & eacute; et initient une divergence & eacute;volutive. Microphallus pseudopygmaeus est exceptionnel parmi les dig & egrave;nes par sa capacit & eacute; & agrave; infecter des gast & eacute;ropodes appartenant & agrave; deux sous-classes & eacute;loign & eacute;es, les Vetigastropoda et les Caenogastropoda. Cette & eacute;tude visait & agrave; tester l'hypoth & egrave;se concernant le statut d'esp & egrave;ce de M. pseudopygmaeus et & agrave; pr & eacute;ciser son spectre d'h & ocirc;tes. Nous avons obtenu des s & eacute;quences partielles du g & egrave;ne cox1, de l'ADNr 28S et de l'ITS2 pour M. pseudopygmaeus chez neuf esp & egrave;ces d'h & ocirc;tes, dont Margarites spp. (Vetigastropoda). Les donn & eacute;es sur les marqueurs conserv & eacute;s et variables, l'analyse phylog & eacute;n & eacute;tique et l'analyse du barcode gap, ont confirm & eacute; l'unit & eacute; de l'esp & egrave;ce et sa large sp & eacute;cificit & eacute; envers les premiers h & ocirc;tes interm & eacute;diaires. L'analyse du r & eacute;seau d'haplotypes bas & eacute; sur le g & egrave;ne cox1 a r & eacute;v & eacute;l & eacute; une divergence g & eacute;n & eacute;tique li & eacute;e & agrave; l'h & ocirc;te, notamment chez les isolats provenant de Margarites spp. et de Cryptonatica affinis. Ce sch & eacute;ma pourrait r & eacute;sulter d'une circulation localis & eacute;e du parasite dans les r & eacute;gions o & ugrave; certaines esp & egrave;ces h & ocirc;tes, comme Margarites spp., dominent en l'absence de littorines, cr & eacute;ant ainsi des conditions & eacute;cologiques susceptibles de favoriser l'isolement reproductif et une sp & eacute;ciation naissante. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie & agrave; l'utilisation de M. pseudopygmaeus comme mod & egrave;le d'& eacute;tude du changement d'h & ocirc;te et de la sp & eacute;ciation chez les parasites.
Keywords:
Host specificity
Host switching
First intermediate host
Intraspecific divergence
Speciation
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