Microwave energy-deposition pattern and formation mechanism in a rock half-space irradiated by an open-ended rectangular waveguide: A three-dimensional analytical electromagnetic model based on aperture modal matching

Tienan Wang

doi:10.1016/j.apm.2026.117222

Microwave energy-deposition pattern and formation mechanism in a rock half-space irradiated by an open-ended rectangular waveguide: A three-dimensional analytical electromagnetic model based on aperture modal matching

2026-07-28

0

PRE

AI

T

Tienan Wang

F

Fan Wu

Y

Yueyang Li

J

Jinzhi Bai

H

Huaiguang Xiao

L

Lei He *

DOI：10.1016/j.apm.2026.117222

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Abstract

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• A three-dimensional analytical electromagnetic model is developed. • A dimension-reduction algorithm accelerates spectral-integral evaluation. • The model offers high efficiency and clear physical interpretability. • The mechanism of microwave energy deposition in rock is revealed. • Energy-deposition zones are quantified at four common microwave frequencies.

Keywords:

Microwave-assisted rock breaking

Modal matching

Energy deposition

Electromagnetic propagation

Near-field interference

Microwave energy-deposition pattern and formation mechanism in a rock half-space irradiated by an open-ended rectangular waveguide: A three-dimensional analytical electromagnetic model based on aperture modal matching

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