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MIR/FTIR spectroscopy for precision winemaking in smart wineries: state of the art, challenges, and prospects
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DOI：10.1080/05704928.2026.2629006.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, particularly through Fourier-transform (FT) instrumentation, has reached a high level of analytical maturity in oenology as a rapid and nondestructive tool for grape must and wine analysis, quality control, and authenticity assessment. Despite nearly three decades of intensive research demonstrating its strong potential to extract biochemically meaningful information, the translation of MIR spectroscopy into real-time or near-real-time process monitoring tools for decision support in wineries remains limited. To date, only a few applications employ portable or at-line FTIR configurations, while true in-line or on-line sensing at critical winemaking stages is largely restricted to pilot-scale implementations and laboratory prototypes. This review critically examines the reasons behind this gap. Evidence from related scientific and technological disciplines (food science and technology, photonics and sensor engineering, informatics and intelligent computing) is discussed from a system-level perspective. The main idea is to describe the state-of-the-art beyond analytical performance metrics, to identify opportunities for improving technology readiness and enabling integration into winery processes. The review contributes to the ongoing discussion on the strong potential of Mid-infrared (MIR/FTIR) spectroscopy across the wine production chain and outlines pathways for integrating spectroscopy, data analytics and oenological domain knowledge in the next generation of precision winemaking systems.
Keywords:
FTIR spectroscopy
nondestructive spectroscopy
alcoholic fermentation
real-time monitoring
oenology
sensors
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