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Mitogenomic insights into the evolutionary relationships of the endemic Dawkinsia austellus and Dawkinsia lepida (Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae)
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DOI：10.1038/s41598-026-62010-7.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Dawkinsia is a genus of small to medium-sized, ray-finned freshwater cyprinid fishes commonly called barbs. These fish are endemic to the rivers of South India. In this study, we sequenced the first two Dawkinsia species, namely Dawkinsia austellus and Dawkinsia lepida, to examine their phylogenetic relationships and determine their taxonomic position within the subfamily Smiliogastrinae. The two circular mitochondrial genomes of D. austellus and D. lepida were 16,568 and 16,571 bp in length. Both genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and one control region. Both D. austellus and D. lepida show a strong preference for AT bases and an anti-G bias. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) were initiated by ATN codons, except for COX1 and NAD6. In D. austellus, both COX1 and NAD6 started with the GTG codon, whereas in D. lepida, only COX1 began with GTG, while the remaining 12 PCGs started with ATN codons. All PCGs terminate with the typical stop codon TAA, except for COX2, NAD2, NAD3, ATP6, NAD4, and COX3, which have incomplete stop codons. Mostly, the Ka/Ks values were less than 1, except for COX3, NAD4L, NAD5, and Cytb. Notably, variations in nucleotide sequences were identified within conserved motifs with several AT-rich tandem repeat motifs and long (TA)n-like microsatellite regions in D-loop. Phylogenetic analysis based on the COX1 gene from 17 species of Dawkinsia and on 13 PCGs from 47 species of the subfamily Smiliogastrinae, revealed that D. austellus and D. lepida are closely related, forming sister monophyletic species within the genus Dawkinsia. Collectively, this study delivers the first detailed mitogenomic characterization of D. austellus and D. lepida, emphasizing the role of genome-wide investigations in elucidating adaptive evolution and phylogeographic dynamics to support conservation and management strategies for freshwater Cyprinidae.
Keywords:
Smiliogastrinae
Mitochondrial genome
Microsatellite
Phylogenetic analysis
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