Modified Vector Quantization for Small-Cell Access Point Placement With Inter-Cell Interference

doi:10.1109/TWC.2022.3148996

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Modified Vector Quantization for Small-Cell Access Point Placement With Inter-Cell Interference

2022-08-01

Govind R. Gopal *

Elina Nayebi

Gabriel Porto Villardi

Bhaskar D. Rao

DOI：10.1109/TWC.2022.3148996

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Abstract

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In this paper, we explore the small-cell uplink access point (AP) placement problem in the context of throughput optimality and provide solutions while taking into consideration inter-cell interference (ICI). First, we briefly review the vector quantization (VQ) approach and related single user throughput-optimal formulations for AP placement. Then, we investigate the small-cell case with multiple users and expose the limitations of mean squared error based VQ for solving this problem. While the Lloyd algorithm from the VQ approach is found not to strictly solve the small-cell case, based on the tractability and quality of the resulting AP placement, we deem it suitable as a simple and appropriate framework to solve more complicated problems. Accordingly, to minimize ICI and consequently enhance achievable throughput, we design two Lloyd-type algorithms, namely the Interference Lloyd algorithm and the Inter-AP Lloyd algorithm, both of which incorporate ICI in their distortion functions. Simulation results show that both of the proposed algorithms provide superior 95%-likely rate over the traditional Lloyd algorithm and the Inter-AP Lloyd algorithm yields a significant increase of up to 36.34% in achievable rate over the Lloyd algorithm.

Keywords:

Throughput

Signal to noise ratio

Interference

Antennas

Antenna arrays

Massive MIMO

Fading channels

Base station placement

beyond 5G

Lloyd algorithm

SINR minimization