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Modular structure-function coupling reveals different network reorganization for task performance
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DOI：10.1038/s42003-026-10735-6.png)
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Abstract
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Understanding how structural and functional brain networks interact to support cognition remains a central challenge in systems neuroscience. Here, we investigated modular structure–function coupling (SFC) across cognitive tasks using multimodal neuroimaging data. We separated SFC into intra-modular coupling (SFC-INT), measuring alignment within structural modules, and inter-modular coupling (SFC-EXT), measuring alignment between each module and the rest of the brain. This decomposition revealed that between-module coupling was more sensitive to task demands than within-module coupling. Moreover, different tasks produced distinct rest-to-task displacement patterns in the SFC-INT vs. SFC-EXT representation, indicating task-specific reconfiguration of the same anatomical structure. Brain–behavior analyses further suggested that performance is better captured by coordinated SFC profiles across modules than by isolated module-level effects. Together, these results provide a modular framework for studying how task demands reshape the relationship between brain structure and function. Modular analysis of multimodal brain networks shows that between-module structure-function coupling is especially sensitive to cognitive task demands and captures task-specific reorganization.
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