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Modular Virtual Distributed Unit Design for Efficient Cloud RAN Deployment
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DOI：10.1016/j.comnet.2025.111892.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The virtualization of the Radio Access Network (RAN) is central to 5G, yet the virtualized Distributed Unit (vDU) is often implemented as a monolithic function, creating a significant bottleneck for scalability and compute resource efficiency. This research confronts the inefficiencies inherent in monolithic vDU designs by proposing a function-oriented decomposition that segments the vDU into modular microservices. This modularity, aligned with cloud-native principles, is designed to enhance scalability, enable flexible, slice-aware deployments, and reduce both capital and operational expenditures. To validate this approach, a proof-of-concept (PoC) was implemented on a commercial Cloud RAN platform, successfully demonstrating the architecture's feasibility in a dual-slice (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication & enhanced Mobile Broadband) environment. The PoC validates solutions to critical implementation challenges, including a Fronthaul Multiplexer (FHM) for aggregating distributed data streams and a distributed MAC scheduling framework that maintains synchronization. Experimental results confirm that the system achieves microsecond-level processing precision and can tolerate transport network delays of up to 200 microseconds, establishing a concrete operational boundary for distributed deployments. This work provides a validated and scalable foundation for evolving 5G ecosystems and future 6G networks.
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