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Modulation leakage vulnerability in continuous-variable quantum key distribution
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DOI：10.1088/2058-9565/ac0d4c.png)
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Abstract
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Flaws in the process of modulation, or encoding of key bits in the quadratures of the electromagnetic light field, can make continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems susceptible to leakage of secret information. Here, we report such a modulation leakage vulnerability in a system that uses an optical in-phase and quadrature modulator to implement a single sideband encoding scheme. The leakage arises from the limited suppression of a quantum-information-carrying sideband during modulation. Based on the results from a proof-of-concept experiment, we theoretically analyze the impact of this vulnerability and show that the leakage reduces the range over which secret key can be obtained, and can even lead to a security breach, if disregarded. We also study the efficacy of additional trusted noise to counter this vulnerability.
Keywords:
quantum cryptography
quantum hacking
sideband
quantum key distribution
continuous variables
quadrature
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5
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1.4K
Citations:
5.1K
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