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Monitoring alongshore variability in aeolian sand transport for a better understanding of dune vulnerability to storm surge impact
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DOI：10.1177/03091333251341767.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Sand dunes on barrier islands, such as North Bull Island in Dublin Bay, often provide natural defences against coastal erosion and storm surge impact on landward habitats, communities, and infrastructure. The ability of dunes to withstand erosion during a storm depends primarily on the height and extent of the foredune relative to the elevation of the storm surge, parameters that are highly variable alongshore. This study investigates the alongshore variations in the coastal protection provided by foredunes on North Bull Island during a 1-in-16-year storm, using a modified version of the FEMA-540 Rule. Results indicate clear alongshore variability in foredune morphology and vulnerability to extreme event-induced dune failure, with seven out of ten analysed foredune sections vulnerable during a 1-in-16-year storm. Alongshore variations in aeolian sand transport patterns observed on three on-/alongshore wind days hint at the cause for this alongshore variation in foredune morphology and vulnerability. Observed aeolian sand transport occurred primarily as streamers, varied significantly between days and alongshore, and was not explained by beach sediment moisture content or grain size, mean wind speeds, or wind direction. It was, however, significantly influenced by mean gust speeds. Overall, our study underscores the need for continuous measurement of aeolian sand transport and environmental variables at multiple alongshore locations and points in time to fully assess the coastal protection provided by foredunes. It also highlights the importance of adaptive management strategies to enhance sediment supply and retention, encourage foredune development, and bolster the ability of barrier islands to act as an effective natural barrier for low-lying landward coastal regions in the face of climate change and sea-level rise.
Keywords:
barrier island
storm surge
nature-based solutions
nature-based coastal protection
aeolian sand transport
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