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Morphology-driven innovations in quantum dots: Unlocking enhanced photocatalytic potential
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DOI：10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.080.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanostructures that display unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale. Their efficiency in photocatalysis, particularly for energy-related applications, is significantly influenced by their morphology, which can be precisely controlled using different synthesis parameters and techniques. For the first time, this review focuses on the important parameters that influence QDs morphology, such as precursor selection, reaction temperature and time, solvent effects, capping agents or ligands, doping and composition, post-synthesis treatments, and surfactants and stabilizers. It also discusses different synthesis approaches such as colloidal, solvothermal, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrochemical, and biomimetic (green) methods, all offering different strategies for controlling QDs morphology. The review explores a range of QDs morphologies, including nanoflowers, nanowires, cubic, nanoribbons, nanofibers, porous, alloyed, nanotubes, heterostructures, core-shell, nanorods, nanosheets, hollow, nanospheres, and spherical particles, which directly influence band structures, surface states, light absorption, and charge carrier dynamics. These shape-dependent properties significantly govern the photocatalytic efficiency, charge separation, and reaction selectivity. Furthermore, we detail the unique contributions of different QDs families, including carbon QDs, metal oxide QDs, MXene-based QDs, perovskite QDs, and transition metal chalcogenide QDs, each offering distinct advantages in terms of stability, tunability, and light-harvesting efficiency. By correlating morphology with photocatalytic performance, this work emphasizes the strategic engineering of QDs morphology as a pathway to unlock superior performance in water splitting, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), CO2 reduction, H2O2 production, pollutant degradation, oxygen reduction process (ORR), and photocatalytic depolymerization. This work underscores the importance of tailoring QDs morphology to optimize their performance in photocatalysis, focusing on enhancing energy conversion and storage processes.
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