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Movable Antenna-Based Phased Array: Beam Pattern Synthesis and Experimental Validations
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DOI：10.1109/tcomm.2026.3706606.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this paper, we propose a novel phased array with movable antennas (PAMA), which achieves phase shifting by adjusting the physical positions of antenna elements, thus eliminating the insertion loss introduced by traditional digital phase shifters. A periodic approximation-based beampattern synthesis (PABS) method is developed to synthesize the desired beampattern. It exploits the approximate periodicity of the array response to obtain a high-quality initialization of the loss function via discrete optimization over antenna positions, followed by refinement using projected gradient descent (PGD). We show that the beamwidth decreases as the main lobe deviates from the array normal and derive explicit beamwidth expressions based on Chebyshev polynomials. The Lipschitz continuity of the loss gradient is also analyzed to establish convergence of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate improved beam concentration, reduced beamwidth, and enhanced multi-beam uniformity compared to conventional phase shifter-based arrays. Experimental results based on a 4 x 4 prototype further validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition, the step size, operating speed, and power consumption of a typical stepper motor are analyzed, further demonstrating the reliability and practical feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Keywords:
Arrays
Antennas
Beams
Optimization
Modeling
Phase shifters
Antenna arrays
Motors
Algorithms
Personal digital devices
Phased array with movable antennas (PAMA)
multi-beampattern synthesis
massive MIMO
phased array
movable antennas
experimental validation
Journal
IF:
8.3
Papers:
1.2W
Citations:
3.6W
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