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Multi-amplitude reflecting modulation for IRS
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DOI：10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103085.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) offer a promising avenue for the future generation of wireless communications by dynamically modifying the propagation environment to improve signal quality. While passive IRS is limited to reflecting incoming signals, active IRS enhances these capabilities by amplifying the signals, effectively addressing the critical issue of double path loss in passive configurations. In this paper, we present a novel modulation scheme called Multi-Amplitude Reflecting Modulation (MA-RM), an IRS-assisted information transfer method that employs varying amplification levels across IRS panels. We further provide a detailed analysis of the proposed system, derive an upper bound for the average bit error rate (ABER), and validate the theoretical findings through numerical simulations. Results demonstrate that, compared to conventional Reflection Modulation (RM) and Hybrid Reflection Modulation (HRM) schemes, the proposed MA-RM scheme achieves a target bit error rate (BER) of 10-4 with approximately 5-6 dB lower transmit power and provides up to about 80% and 160% improvements in energy efficiency relative to RM and HRM, respectively, particularly in the low transmit power regime. Furthermore, when compared with the recently proposed Active RIS-Assisted Amplitude-Domain Reflection Modulation (ARIS-ADRM) scheme, MA-RM enables the transmission of additional bits per channel use (e.g., increasing from 3 to 4 bpcu in the considered system configuration), corresponding to a representative throughput improvement of 33.3% and higher spectral efficiency, at the cost of a modest BER degradation. Overall, these results show that MA-RM outperforms conventional RM and HRM schemes in terms of reliability and energy efficiency, while achieving higher throughput than ARIS-ADRM by accepting a limited loss in BER.
Keywords:
Intelligent reflecting surfaces
Reflection modulation
Hybrid reflection modulation
Average bit error rate
Energy efficiency
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