Multi-flow-channel curved-surface electrical arc milling: Insights into debris-removal mechanisms, multidirectional pathways, and multiscale performance characterization

2026-05-01

PRE

Zongjie Zhou *

Yingxin Liu

Meiqin Liu

Jianping Zhou

Guangwei Wen

Zonglong Sun

Menglei Wang

DOI：10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2026.119331

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Abstract

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• The multi-flow channel copper-clad graphite ball-end electrode–through type (MCCGE-T) achieved stable and controllable continuous arc milling machining. • The directional design of the flushing fluid significantly improves debris removal efficiency and reduces electric arc heat accumulation. • Pulse continuous electric arc machining leads to recrystallization and grain refinement, reducing the grain size to 0.1-0.15 µm. • The microstructural evolution of Ti-6Al-4V under different temperature gradients during the EAM process.

Keywords:

Electric arc machining

Debris removal

Microstructure evolution

Multi-flow channel

Grain refinement

Multi-flow-channel curved-surface electrical arc milling: Insights into debris-removal mechanisms, multidirectional pathways, and multiscale performance characterization

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