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Multi-rotor imidazole-based fluorophores for rapid delineation of squamous cell carcinoma infiltration margins in murine surgical specimens
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DOI：10.3389/fchem.2026.1913502.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Multi-rotor imidazole derivatives have attracted more and more attention due to their unique electronic and photophysical properties as well as diverse applications. Combined with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanism; multi-rotor imidazole core could also be functionalized as AIE luminogens (AIEgens). Herein; we report a novel family of AIEgens; designated as TPIT-X; which features a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) backbone wherein 1; 4; 5-triphenylimidazole serves as the donor and thiophene acts as the π-linker. By introducing appropriate acceptor units; we designed and synthesized TPIT-1 to TPIT-6; which exhibit tunable emission colors ranging from green (490 nm) to deep red (695 nm); covering nearly the entire visible spectrum. These molecules also display typical AIE characteristics; with up to 30-fold fluorescence enhancement. Taking advantage of their AIE feature; TPIT-6 nanoparticles conjugated with anti-EGFR antibodies successfully realized rapid determination of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumor infiltration margins in ex vivo mouse surgical specimens; thereby positioning them as promising imaging agents for rapid intraoperative tumor biopsy during hand SCC resection.
Keywords:
squamous cell carcinoma
aggregation-induced emission
intraoperative biopsy
triphenylimidazole
tunable emission
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