Multi-scale drivers of ground-level O3 pollution in China’s major urban agglomerations: A Hilbert–Huang Transform–GAM framework

Pan Wang

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2026.103113

Multi-scale drivers of ground-level O3 pollution in China’s major urban agglomerations: A Hilbert–Huang Transform–GAM framework

2026-06-20

0

PRE

AI

P

Pan Wang

陈

陈涛 (Tao Chen) *

S

Shuheng Zhang

F

Fulin Wang

DOI：10.1016/j.apr.2026.103113

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• Multi-scale ozone pollution patterns revealed across China • Ozone has high-frequency noise, mid-frequency variation, and low-frequency trends • Temperature, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particles shape ozone across scales • Findings support scale-specific and regionally differentiated ozone control

Multi-scale drivers of ground-level O3 pollution in China’s major urban agglomerations: A Hilbert–Huang Transform–GAM framework

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