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Multifunctional Diluent Enables High-Voltage and Flame-Retardant Potassium-Ion Batteries
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DOI：10.1002/aenm.71427.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) emerge as a highly promising candidate system in large-scale energy storage, owing to their abundant resources, low cost, and potentially high operating voltage. However, the current development of PIBs still faces core bottlenecks such as unstable electrode-electrolyte interphase (EEI) at high voltages and flammability of electrolytes. Herein, a multifunctional solvent of ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) is used as the flame retardant, diluent, and interface regulator to design a non-flammable localized high-concentration electrolyte. Crucially, the introduction of PFPN (intrinsic flame retardant) not only significantly enhances the proportion of solvation structure of contact ion pair and cation-anion aggregate, but also promotes the formation of inorganic-rich EEI, thereby strengthening its inherent safety, ionic transport kinetics, interfacial desolvation, and high-voltage tolerance. Consequently, the optimized non-flammable electrolyte enables highly stable cycling of K||graphite (450 cycles), K||Mn-based Prussian blue analogs (Mn-PBA) cells (2.0–4.5 V, 3000 cycles), and Mn-PBA||graphite full-cells (2.0–4.3 V, 2200 cycles). This study provides guidelines for designing multifunctional electrolytes with both safety and high performance for PIBs and beyond.
Keywords:
electrode-electrolyte interphase
flame-retardancy
high-voltage
localized high-concentration electrolytes
potassium-ion batteries
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