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Multilayer homogeneous model for functionally graded piezoelectric structure with arbitrary property: From mechanical analysis to optimization
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DOI：10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120173.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The development of advanced functionally graded piezoelectric (FGPE) structures is crucial for optimizing the performance of electromechanical devices, such as sensors and actuators. This paper investigates the static response and optimization analysis of FGPE cylinders and spherical shells by using a multilayer homogeneous model (MHM) within an analytical framework under symmetric loading conditions. For materials with powerlaw gradation, explicit closed-form solutions are derived, establishing benchmark results for FGPE hollow cylinders and spherical shells under such gradient profiles. For arbitrary material gradients, both the MHM and finite difference method (FDM) are employed to obtain analytical and numerical solutions, thereby providing reference results for generally graded FGPE structures. Numerical discussions are conducted for FGPE structures with specific radial nonhomogeneity, illustrating the distributions of radial and circumferential stress, and electric potential under electrical and mechanical loading in sensor and actuator configurations, respectively. The multi-objective optimization framework for simultaneously enhancing electrical energy conversion efficiency and mechanical reliability is also discussed. A comparison with FDM results demonstrates that the MHM not only achieves higher accuracy with a limited number of layers, but also requires significantly less computational time. Furthermore, the gradient index is found to significantly influence both mechanical and electric responses. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design of FGPE cylindrical and spherical structures.
Keywords:
Multilayer homogenization model
Functionally graded materials
Piezoelectric structures
Volume fractions gradation
Optimization analysis
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