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Multimaterial laser powder bed fusion: multifunctionality and application – part 2
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DOI：10.1108/rpj-02-2026-0118.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
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<jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>
<jats:p>This study aims to provide an end-user materials perspective for multimaterial Laser Powder Bed Fusion (MM-LPBF) based on functionality and application. The main reason for using MM-LPBF over single material LPBF is multifunctionality. This review summarizes the current literature covering metallic multimaterial parts produced by MM-LPBF techniques based on their additional functionalities. While Part 1 of this review series focused on powder deposition techniques and metallurgical interface properties, this study (Part 2) focuses on functionality integration and end-user applications.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Design/methodology/approach</jats:title>
<jats:p>This review paper used a systematic approach to search for and investigate notable works and peer-reviewed publications concerning MM-LPBF. Functionalities of strength and ductility, wear resistance, thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and shape memory and superelasticity are discussed to help designers decide over the selection of the materials and their exclusive production and microstructural challenges. Multimaterial directed energy deposition and other multimaterial techniques for some material pairs are discussed for comparison. Potential applications for each pair are provided besides their exclusive metallurgical challenges and their possible solutions.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Findings</jats:title>
<jats:p>Each potential multimaterial LPBF pair presents exclusive processing challenges and solutions. In general, differences in thermal properties of two alloys, such as their melting points, thermal conductivities and thermal expansions, lead to uneven distribution of thermal gradients, resulting in residual stresses, hot cracks and pores in most cases. This can be mitigated by applying a proper gradient at the interface. Furthermore, for pairs with the risk of brittle phase formations at the interface, results suggest designing a compatible interlayer and using nonequilibrium solidification simulations for phase diagram identifications.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Originality/value</jats:title>
<jats:p>This review provides an end-user perspective on using multimaterial LPBF, focusing on multifunctionality in material pairings. It presents clear potential applications, material options, processing challenges and exclusive solutions, helping the designers to move forward in applying multimaterial aspects in their structural LPBF designs. These form the core originality of this work.</jats:p>
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