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Multiorbiter Continuous Lunar Beaming
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DOI：10.1109/taes.2026.3710876.png)
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Abstract
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In this work, free-space optics-based continuous wireless power transmission between multiple low lunar orbit satellites and a solar panel on a lunar rover located at the lunar south pole is investigated based on the time-varying harvested power and overall system efficiency metrics. The performances are compared between a solar panel with tracking ability and a fixed solar panel that induces the cosine effect due to the time-dependent angle of incidence (AoI). In our work, the Systems Tool Kit (STK) high-precision orbit propagator, which calculates the ephemeris data precisely, is utilized. Interestingly, orbiter deployments in constellations change significantly during a Moon revolution; thus, short-duration simulations cannot be used straightforwardly. In our work, many satellite configurations are assessed to be able to find a Cislunar constellation that establishes a continuous line-of-sight (LoS) between the solar panel and at least a single LLO satellite. It is found that 40-satellite schemes enable the establishment of a continuous WPT system model. Besides, a satellite selection method (SSM) is introduced so that only the best LoS link among multiple simultaneous links from multiple satellites will be active for optimum efficiency. Our benchmark system of a 40-satellite quadruple orbit scheme is compared with the 30-satellite and single-satellite schemes based on the average harvested power and overall system efficiencies of 27.3 days, so the tradeoff options can be assessed from the multiple Cislunar models. The outcomes show that the average system efficiencies of single, 30-satellite, and 40-satellite schemes are 2.09%, 23.83%, and 24.54%, respectively, for the tracking panel and 0.71%, 13.51%, and 15.07%, respectively, for the fixed solar panel case.
Keywords:
Cislunar
free-space optics (FSO)
laser
low lunar orbit (LLO)
wireless power transfer (WPT)
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