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Multiscale structural regulation of nickel-vanadium sulfide electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
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DOI：10.1016/j.jelechem.2026.120081.png)
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Abstract
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By adopting a hydrothermal-sulfidation stepwise optimization strategy, nickel-vanadium sulfide (NiV-S) composite electrodes with hierarchical interwoven porous structures and bimetallic synergistic effects were successfully constructed in situ on nickel foam substrates. The synergistic regulation of material properties by Ni/V molar ratio, hydrothermal time, and sulfidation degree was systematically investigated, and optimal performance was achieved at Ni/V = 1:0.3, hydrothermal time of 12 h, and S/Ni = 0.8, showing a superior specific capacitance of 3732.9 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1), along with outstanding rate performance and cycling stability (70.1% capacity retention after 5000 cycles). The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor achieved an energy density of 105.4 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 800 W kg(-1), maintaining 67.1 Wh kg(-1) even at a high power density of 15,997.4 W kg(-1). Compositional and structural characterizations revealed that moderate sulfidation resulted in the formation of a NiV2S4/Ni9S8 multiphase composite. Concurrently, an ultra-thin nanosheet-interwoven threedimensional multi-level pore network was formed, significantly increasing specific surface area and active site exposure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of Ni2+/Ni3+ and V4+/V5+ multivalent systems within the material, with sulfur introduction significantly enhancing electrical conductivity. This study elucidates how sulfurization enhances electrode performance through regulation of microstructure, electrical properties, and valence composition, providing an effective strategy for designing high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.
Keywords:
Nickel-vanadium-sulfide composite electrodes
Controlled hydrothermal synthesis
Hierarchical structure
Bimetallic synergistic effect
Supercapacitors
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