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Nanothermometry and luminescence modulation via separated activators in core-shell-shell fluoride nanoparticles
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DOI：10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111159.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been naturally entangled with surface phonons since their discovery due to their high specific surface area. However, in addition to quenching luminescence at ambient temperatures, surface phonons play a crucial role in activating the dark layer between the sensitizer and the activator to enhance luminescence in thermal environments. Considering that the positive effect of surface phonons may be eliminated under inert cladding, a beta-NaGdF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF4 @NaGdF4:Yb,Er core-shell-shell upconversion luminescence (UCL) system with two opposite thermo-responsive luminescence behaviors is designed here. The imposition of an inert intermediate shell layer causes the weakening of the blue luminescence of the core Tm ions in the thermal environment, while on the contrary the outermost Er ions realize an effective enhancement of luminescence with the help of surface phonons. In addition, the photoluminescence results show that effective modulation of luminescence color can be achieved by changing the thickness of the inert shell layer, the concentration of Er ions in the activation layer, and the excitation power. Finally, the distinct thermally responsive luminescence behaviors and temperature-dependent color variations enabled moderate temperature sensing and information encryption applications. The maximum relative and absolute sensitivities can be up to 1.62 %/K and 0.64 %/K from 298 K to 573 K, respectively. These findings provided new insights into optimizing the luminescent properties of fluorides and provided a new platform for the application of multiple properties in a material. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
Keywords:
Core/shell/shell upconversion nanoparticles
Surface phonons
Inert cladding
Nanothermometry
Luminescence modulation
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8.9
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1.2W
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3.8W
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