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Narrowband and wavelength-tuneable bright EUV–soft-X-ray harmonics for resonant imaging and spectroscopy
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DOI：10.1038/s42005-026-02791-5.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Ultrashort, bright, wavelength-tuneable X-ray pulses are essential for resonant imaging and spectroscopy, yet are typically available only at large-scale free-electron-laser facilities. In this study, we present an efficient tabletop technique for generating wavelength-tuneable high-order harmonics in the extreme-ultraviolet to soft-X-ray range, tailored for resonant imaging and spectroscopic applications. Joint optimization of the highly nonlinear interactions in a multidimensional parameter space–spanned by infrared spectral broadening, second-harmonic phase matching, waveguide dispersion, gas species, and gas density–allows convenient, continuous shifting of the harmonic peaks to lower or higher photon energies and alignment with selected absorption edges. Using visible lasers with precisely controlled spectral properties, our approach ensures continuous tuneability of the X-ray harmonic combs while preserving essential laser-like features such as coherence, narrow bandwidth, and high brightness. In the time domain, these X-rays are expected to emerge as a train of sub 300 attosecond pulses, making this source ideal for studying dynamic processes in magnetic nanostructures and other systems through resonant multidimensional coherent diffractive imaging or resonant X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Likewise, these advancements could facilitate the development of nuclear clocks driven by tuneable UV and EUV sources, offering unprecedented precision in timekeeping and opening new frontiers in fundamental physics. Bright, ultrashort, wavelength-tuneable X-ray pulses are fundamental for resonant imaging and spectroscopy, but are typically limited to large-scale facilities. The authors present a tabletop technique for generating bright, tuneable high-order harmonics in the extreme-ultraviolet to soft-X-ray range, enabling precise spectral control for advanced imaging and spectroscopy, with potential implications for fundamental physics and precision timekeeping.
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