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Nested Monolithic Supercapacitor Patch Simultaneously Achieving High Stretchability, Stability, and Facile Integration for Flexible Electronics
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DOI：10.1002/adfm.76318.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Stretchable supercapacitors (SSCs) are pivotal energy storage components for emerging flexible and wearable electronics. However, simultaneously achieving high energy density, exceptional stretchability, integration compatibility, and off-the-shelf availability remains challenging. This study reports a self-adhesive and super SSC fabricated via a nested structural design, wherein two wave-patterned hydrogel electrodes are printed into an adhesive hydrogel electrolyte matrix. The excellent proton conductivity of the hydrogel electrolyte and the pseudocapacitance of the hydrogel electrode endow the SSC with a remarkable specific capacitance of 4122.0 mF cm−2 and energy density of 366.4 µWh cm−2. Experimental characterization and finite element simulations elucidate the triple energy dissipation mechanism underpinning the super-stretchability of the nested SSC. First, the low-modulus bulk electrolyte matrix preferentially dissipates global stress, reducing fracture of the high-modulus electrodes. Second, the intrinsic adhesion of the electrolyte matrix significantly enhances interfacial toughness (270.26 J m−2) on the electrodes, achieving an interfacial energy dissipation. Third, the wave-patterned electrode structure contributes to geometric energy dissipation. These synergistic mechanisms enable the SSC to retain 92% capacitance even under 420% strain. Crucially, the nested platform facilitates monolithic integration for high-voltage output, while the self-adhesive property allows conformal attachment to deformable substrates for powering flexible electronics.
Keywords:
adhesive hydrogel
energy dissipation
energy storage device
nested architecture
stretchable supercapacito