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Neurophysiological basis for visual distortions in amblyopia
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DOI：10.3389/fnins.2026.1803396.png)
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Abstract
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Despite decades of research; the neural basis of visual distortions in amblyopia remains poorly understood. While numerous studies have reported abnormalities in both early visual cortex and extrastriate areas; these findings have rarely been integrated into a unified mechanistic framework. This review addresses that gap by proposing a dual-level model of cortical distortion in amblyopia: one level reflecting local feature encoding deficits in V1; and a second reflecting integration-level distortions in retinotopic extrastriate cortex. By synthesizing behavioral; neurophysiological; and imaging data from adult human studies as well as animal models; this review offers a coherent neurophysiological account of amblyopic visual distortions and outlines a framework for interpreting current findings and guiding future interventions.
Keywords:
vision
amblyopia
spatial integration
cortical processing
perceptual distortions
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