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Niche Overlap Is Not Enough: Same Overlap, Contrasting Fluctuations
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DOI:10.1111/ele.70425.png)
Abstract
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Niche overlap (NO) is a cornerstone of coexistence theory, summarising the strength of competitive coupling among species. Yet NO collapses distinct mechanisms into a single value and may miss key dynamical features. We quantify this limitation by examining temporal correlations in species abundances, a key out-of-equilibrium observable in microbial ecology. Using a MacArthur-type consumer-resource model, we show that communities with identical NO can display opposite dynamical patterns. Within the resource-mediated fluctuation regime studied here, a yield-depletion mismatch (YDM)—the difference between depletion and yield dissimilarities—consistently predicts the sign and magnitude of abundance correlations across analytical approximations, stochastic simulations, and a reanalysis of microbial time series. In contrast, growth-rate correlations are governed by NO. More broadly, our results show that dynamical observables can depend on mechanistic details beyond those summarised by niche overlap.
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