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Nomophobia, Insomnia, and Coping Strategies in Relation to Academic Achievement and Psychological Well-Being Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
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DOI：10.3390/bs16081379.png)
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Abstract
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Medical students are exposed to substantial academic and psychological demands that may influence their well-being, lifestyle behaviors, and academic performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between smartphone-related anxiety (nomophobia), insomnia symptoms, psychological well-being, coping strategies, and academic achievement among medical students. The study was conducted among 216 students (mean age 22.03 ± 2.48 years, 72.2% female) at the University of Split School of Medicine. Data were collected through an anonymous digital questionnaire created in Google Forms, assessing general information and including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Nomophobia questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Medical Student Well-Being Index, and Brief COPE questionnaire. Academic performance was assessed using students’ self-reported arithmetic and weighted grade point averages (GPAs), which were analyzed separately. There was a high prevalence of nomophobia and reduced well-being among participants. Nomophobia was positively associated with insomnia severity (r = 0.172, p = 0.011) and poorer psychological well-being (r = 0.268, p < 0.001), while insomnia severity (r = −0.172, p = 0.011) and avoidant coping strategies (r = −0.167, p = 0.014) were negatively correlated with academic performance. The examined demographic, lifestyle, digital, and psychological variables explained a modest 9.0% of the variance in students’ weighted GPAs, which is consistent with the multifactorial nature of academic achievement. These findings suggest that digital dependence, insomnia symptoms, coping styles, and psychological well-being are interrelated and may be relevant to academic functioning among medical students.
Keywords:
medical students
nomophobia
insomnia
psychological well-being
coping strategies
academic performance
smartphone addiction
student mental health
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