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Non-gas-phase AgF-mediated conversion combined with vapour sampling for field analysis of V-agents and selected pesticides using portable GC/MS
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DOI：10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466942.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Rapid and reliable field identification of persistent chemical warfare agents remains a major challenge for CBRN responders. The low volatility and strong surface adsorption of V-type nerve agents severely limit the effectiveness of vapour-based detection techniques such as portable GC/MS systems. To address this, a wipe-then-cleave method based on AgF-mediated conversion was developed and validated for field analysis of V-agents and selected organophosphorus pesticides. The approach enables direct AgF cleavage of the collected analyte on the sampling swab, generating volatile fluoridate products suitable for gasphase detection without prior extraction or sample preparation. The reaction proceeds rapidly under ambient conditions, allowing analysis within minutes. The method was evaluated using a HAPSITE (R) Smart PLUS portable GC/MS across representative interior materials. Two operational modes were established: a high-sensitivity mode for trace detection and a high-load mode for visible contamination where detector saturation must be avoided. Surface loadings of 3 & micro;g VX, Russian VX, demeton-S-methyl, and isoprobenphos produced high responses, automatically identified with match factors >96/100. Limits of detection ranged from 20-200 ng on glass surfaces (MF>85), depending on analyte. The high-load mode achieved 100% identification with match factors >99 for 1-mg deposits. The workflow is simple, requires minimal equipment, and is operationally feasible for reliable on-site confirmation of V-type agents using portable GC/MS during CBRN field operations. Although certain structurally related organophosphorus compounds yield identical fluoridates, the method provides sufficient specificity to indicate a toxic precursor.
Keywords:
AgF-mediated cleavage
V -to-G conversion
Portable GC/MS
Field analysis
Chemical warfare agents
V -agents
Surface sampling
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