Non-Host Factors Influencing Onset and Severity of Celiac Disease

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.030

Non-Host Factors Influencing Onset and Severity of Celiac Disease

2024-06-01

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Heather J. Galipeau *

R

Reinhard Hinterleitner

DOI：10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.030

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Abstract

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Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune condition driven by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in in fl ammatory lesions in the proximal small intestine. Although the presence of speci fi c HLAlinked haplotypes and gluten consumption are necessary for disease development, they alone do not account for the variable onset of CeD in susceptible individuals. This review explores the multifaceted role of non-host factors in CeD development, including dietary and microbial infl uences. We discuss clinical associations and observations highlighting the impact of these factors on disease onset and severity. Furthermore, we discuss studies in CeDrelevant animal models that offer mechanistic insights into how diet, the microbiome, and enteric infections modulate CeD pathogenesis. Finally, we address the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of understanding these cofactors offering a promising avenue for preventive and therapeutic interventions in CeD management.

Keywords:

Celiac Disease

Diet

Enteric Infections

Microbiota

Gluten

Non-Host Factors Influencing Onset and Severity of Celiac Disease

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