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Non-parametric small area estimation using penalized spline regression
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00635.x.png)
Abstract
En 中文
The paper proposes a small area estimation approach that combines small area random effects with a smooth, non-parametrically specified trend. By using penalized splines as the representation for the non-parametric trend, it is possible to express the non-parametric small area estimation problem as a mixed effect model regression. The resulting model is readily fitted by using existing model fitting approaches such as restricted maximum likelihood. We present theoretical results on the prediction mean-squared error of the estimator proposed and on likelihood ratio tests for random effects, and we propose a simple non-parametric bootstrap approach for model inference and estimation of the small area prediction mean-squared error. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on a survey of lakes in north-eastern USA.
Keywords:
best linear unbiased prediction
bootstrap inference
mixed model
natural resource survey
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IF:
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