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Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convection of a Hybrid Nanofluid in a Porous Sinusoidal Channel with Multiple Rotating Cylinders
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DOI:10.1016/j.tca.2026.180385.png)
Abstract
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• Mixed convection in a porous sinusoidal channel with rotating cylinders was analysed. • Al₂O₃–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid significantly enhanced thermal performance. • Heat transfer increased by 29.1–58.3% with increasing Reynolds number. • Higher Darcy number increased the average Nusselt number by up to 58%. • Cylinder rotation and porosity promoted stronger thermal mixing and heat transfer.
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