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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Trajectories of Charged Droplets and the Mechanisms Enhancing Leaf-Surface Deposition During Plant Protection Operations
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DOI：10.3390/agronomy16161546.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Electrostatic spraying improves droplet deposition on the undersides of leaves and within canopy-obscured regions. However, existing studies mainly rely on two-dimensional trajectory analyses or simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, limiting the mechanistic understanding of the three-dimensional transport behaviour of charged droplets. To address this limitation, an integrated analytical framework combining theoretical droplet dynamics, CFD–DPM simulations, high-speed imaging, and wind-tunnel experiments was developed. Within this framework, a three-dimensional trajectory-tracking method was established to quantitatively characterise the electrostatic envelopment effect using measurable transport parameters, including droplet trajectories and effective electrostatic envelopment distance. Numerical simulations and experimental evaluations were combined to analyse the relationships among three-dimensional droplet transport, electrostatic envelopment, and leaf deposition performance. Results showed that deposition efficiency reached 15.92% at an induction voltage of 12 kV, representing an increase of 13.94 percentage points compared with uncharged spraying. Crosswind speed was the dominant factor affecting deposition, followed by induction voltage and spray pressure. The effective electrostatic envelopment distance was approximately 2.1 cm. The proposed framework enables quantitative characterisation of electrostatic envelopment and provides a mechanistic basis for analysing the relationship between three-dimensional droplet transport and deposition performance, offering a framework for electrostatic spraying evaluation and operating parameter optimisation.
Keywords:
plant protection
charged droplets
electrostatic spraying
droplet trajectory
droplet size
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3.4
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1.7W
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5.0W
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