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Nutraceutical potential of prekese (Tetrapleura tetraptera) fruit extract: synergizing growth performance; oxidative stability; and economic viability in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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DOI：10.3389/fphys.2026.1869905.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This study evaluated the effects of dietary Prekese (Tetrapleura tetraptera) fruit extract (PFE) on the growth; haemato-biochemical profile; antioxidant status; and economic efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isolipidic diets were formulated with graded PFE levels: 0.0 (control); 5.0; 10.0; 15.0; and 20.0 g/kg. Fish (5.20 ± 0.05 g) were fed twice daily to satiety for 60 days. Gas chromatography- mass spectral analysis of PFE identified 29 compounds; primarily linoleic (20.46%); myristic (14.53%); and oleic (12.49%) acids. Dietary PFE significantly enhanced growth in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.05). The 20.0 g/kg inclusion yielded a higher final body weight (35.04 g) and weight gain (571.97%); a 121.9% increase over the control. Polynomial contrasts identified 20.0 g/kg as the upper limit for growth and feed efficiency in this study. Haematologically; PFE increased red and white blood cell counts; suggesting improved hematopoietic and immune function. Serum biochemistry showed elevations in aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; and alkaline phosphate at 15.0 – 20.0 g/kg PFE; though within physiological ranges. Importantly; PFE supplementation significantly reduced oxidative stress; evidenced by decreased superoxide dismutase; catalase; and malondialdehyde levels (P< 0.05); indicating enhanced systemic antioxidant capacity. Economic analysis revealed that despite a 96.73% increase in feed cost; 20.0 g/kg PFE increased net profit per fish by 136.8% and significantly improved the benefit-cost ratio. In conclusion; PFE is a viable nutraceutical for Nile tilapia. At a higher inclusion of 20.0 g/kg; PFE boosts growth; mitigates oxidative stress; and maximizes economic returns in sustainable aquaculture.
Keywords:
immunomodulation
growth performance
nutraceuticals
fatty acid profile
fingerlings
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