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Nutrition and allergic rhinitis: progress and perspectives on vitamin-mediated regulation
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DOI：10.3389/fnut.2026.1885368.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. Although conventional pharmacotherapy often provides symptomatic relief; recurrent exacerbations remain common in some patients. Micronutrients; particularly vitamins; have attracted increasing attention as potential immunomodulatory factors in AR. In this review; we identified relevant literature on vitamins; allergic airway inflammation; and immune-cell regulation from PubMed and Web of Science. Both direct evidence specific to allergic rhinitis and indirect evidence derived from asthma; broader allergic airway diseases; animal models; and in vitro cellular experiments were included; with a primary focus on distinguishing three categories of evidence: mechanistic rationale; observational associations; and clinical therapeutic efficacy. Vitamins A and D have been reported to promote regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and expansion while suppressing pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) responses. Vitamin D may further stabilize mast cells; drive dendritic cells toward a tolerogenic phenotype; and enhance interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in B cells. Vitamin E and its isoforms exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting mast cell activation; modulating group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activity; and reducing Th2-type cytokine production. Extending beyond these classical immune-cell pathways; this review also discusses the potential role of vitamin-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in allergic inflammation. However; the strength of evidence varies substantially among vitamins. Current evidence for vitamins A; D; and E is supported by mechanistic findings; observational studies; and emerging clinical data; whereas evidence for B vitamins and vitamin C in AR remains relatively limited; inconsistent; or partly extrapolated from studies of asthma and other allergic airway diseases. Accordingly; the potential value of vitamin-based interventions should be understood within a personalized and context-dependent framework; shaped by baseline nutritional status; supplementation regimen; disease phenotype; concomitant therapy; and individual susceptibility. Further AR-specific mechanistic studies and large-scale; stratified; multicenter clinical trials are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms; validate clinical benefits; determine optimal supplementation strategies; and identify responsive populations; thereby providing a stronger evidence base for personalized nutritional approaches in the prevention and adjunctive management of AR.
Keywords:
immunomodulation
allergic rhinitis
vitamin D
vitamin C
vitamin A
vitamin E
B vitamins
Journal
IF:
5.1
Papers:
1.3W
Citations:
3.9W
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