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Oceanographic dataset of the near-shore water column of the northeastern Gulf of St. Lawrence; Canada; during the ice-free season
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DOI：10.5194/essd-18-4771-2026.png)
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Abstract
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Abstract. Coastal ecosystems are highly dynamic and vulnerable to both climate changes and anthropogenic pressures. The Sept-Îles region; located in the northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence; is a high-use subarctic coastal system with diverse urban; industrial and maritime activities. This study presents analyses of monthly water column profiles at 35 sites focusing on temperature; salinity and chlorophyll fluorescence; used as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass; during the ice-free season. Using a conductivity; temperature and depth (CTD) probe; water column profiles were collected from May to October 2022 along the coastline; at sites between 2 and 52 m depth. Results revealed a thermocline developing in spring; intensifying in summer and disappearing in autumn. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations peaked below the thermocline in July; while secondary increases were recorded at the surface in September; consistent with observations of an autumn bloom in similar environments. These findings highlight the complex dynamic of physical and biological variables in the coastal water column; and the importance of the timing of sampling to fully capture seasonal variability. To improve future research in the area; measuring nutrient concentrations would be essential for detecting potential upwelling events and better explaining phytoplankton variation during summer. This study provides a valuable baseline for future investigations and justifies the continuation of measurements of water column variability in the region; in the context of rapid climate change. The complete dataset is available via https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ALRWON (Arseneault and Saulnier-Talbot; 2025a).
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