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One-Node Method to Implement Smart Grid Functions Using a Battery Storage System
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DOI：10.1109/TIA.2025.3546198.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This paper develops and tests the performance of the one-node method for implementing aggregated smart grid functions to operate residential loads. The developed method is based on utilizing a battery storage system (BSS) at the point-of-supply feeding the target residential loads. The power ratings of the BSS can be selected based on the required reduction in the load power demands during the peak-demand hours. Furthermore, the charging and discharging of the BSS are set based on peak-demand and off-peak demand hours and stability constraints for voltage and frequency at the point-of-supply. The proposed operation of the BSS is set to have it charge energy during off-peak-demand hours, and discharge energy during peak-demand hours. The energy charge into the BSS can be viewed as the equivalent thermal energy storage in thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs), when operated using smart grid functions. The one-node with a BSS method is implemented and tested for a university campus that has 45 buildings, which are fed from one substation (point-of-supply) through a distribution system. Tests are conducted for the Summer and Winter seasons to demonstrate the efficacy of the developed method. Test results demonstrate accurate adjustments of power demands during peak-demand and off-peak-demand hours, along with simple structure to operate the BSS. Moreover, test results show the ability of the one-node method to reduce power losses and improve the voltage at the point-of-supply during peak-demand hours.
Keywords:
Smart grid functions
distribution power transformers
load profiles
battery energy storage systems
residential loads
and load-side control actions
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