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One-pot Cr3+-catalyzed alkaline oxidative hydrolysis for isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from waste paper towels
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DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149148.png)
Abstract
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• 63.00 ± 2.00% CNC yield achieved from waste paper towels. • Crystallinity increased from 68.80 ± 0.40% to 82.20 ± 0.50% after selective removal of amorphous contents. • CNC showed high thermal stability with Tmax at 372.00 °C. • XPS confirmed removal of CaCO3-rich surface additives and no detectable surface Cr. • One-pot Cr3+ catalysis avoided strong mineral-acid hydrolysis and multistep processing.
Keywords:
Alkaline oxidative hydrolysis
Cellulose nanocrystals
Chromium(III) catalysis
Waste paper towels
Waste valorization
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