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Operando Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of Reversible Ag Ion Exchange in a Bismuth Oxide Matrix
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DOI：10.1021/acs.jpcc.6c02238.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Efficient metal ion extraction from seawater and brine systems relies on ion exchange materials, whose performance is governed by structural rearrangements during ion exchange. Herein, we investigate the ion exchange process between NaBiO3·2H2O and AgNO3 in aqueous solution combining three in situ techniques. The formation of Ag-δ-Bi2O3 is directly observed, revealing the structural evolution during the gradual exchange of Na+ ions with Ag+ ions. Ex situ X-ray diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses show that Ag-δ-Bi2O3 gradually transforms back to NaBiO3·2H2O at ambient temperature, indicating that the reversible exchange between Na+ and Ag+ ions is thermodynamically driven. This work directly captures the structural evolution during ion exchange and highlights the critical role of operando methodology.
Keywords:
Diffraction
Ion exchange
Ions
Irradiation
Phase transitions
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