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Optimal pre-timed signal control with sub-cycles for delay minimization at an isolated intersection with unbalanced demand
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DOI：10.1016/j.ijtst.2025.12.001.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Pre-timed signal control is widely used in urban areas. It often struggles with unbalanced traffic demands that exacerbate vehicle delays. This research utilized sub-cycles of lane-based pre-timed signal control, designed according to preset lane markings, to mitigate vehicle delay under unbalanced demand. Within each sub-cycle, certain phases may be skipped to reduce both the lost time from phase switch and the waste time from minimum green time. Relationships were formulated on signal timing phases, green durations, phase sequences, clearance times, and flow saturation. To address the large-scale mixed-integer non-linear programming problem, the model was divided into two sub-models. The first sub-model checks phase skipping schemes to identify feasible phase-skipping schemes. They are then incorporated into the second sub-model to minimize vehicle delays. The first sub-model was readily solvable with a commercial package, and the second was proven convex and efficiently solvable with an extended cutting-plane algorithm. Surrogate model and parallel computing further accelerated the process. A case study was conducted to assess the model’s performance under unbalanced demand. Results showed that traffic delays were reduced by up to 13.2% compared to conventional lane-based pretimed control. The benefits diminished as traffic demand became more balanced. These findings highlight the potential of sub-cycle signal timing to improve traffic efficiency under unbalanced traffic demand.
Keywords:
Lane-based signal timing
Phase skip
Mixed-integer nonlinear programming
Convex optimization
Extendedcutting plane
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