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Optimization and Cost Evaluation of an Autonomous Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Electrifying Rural Areas in Nigeria
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DOI：10.1002/ese3.70532.png)
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Abstract
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Reliable and affordable electricity supply remains a challenge in rural communities where grid extension is technically and economically unattractive. This paper evaluates the techno-economic and environmental performance of hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria, with a daily load demand of 2255 kWh and a peak load of 213.53 kW. Three fully renewable configurations PV/WT/Battery, PV/Battery, and WT/Battery are analyzed under identical resource and economic conditions using HOMER Pro. Results show that the PV–WT–Battery configuration is the optimal solution, achieving a Cost of Energy (COE) of $0.0850/kWh, a Net Present Cost (NPC) of $904,122, and an initial capital cost of $502,690. The optimal system consists of 1177 kW PV, two wind turbines, 1,033 batteries, and a 198 kW converter, supplying 100% renewable electricity with zero CO₂ emissions. Excess electricity is 57.5%, while unmet load is limited to 0.0693%. Comparative analysis indicates higher costs for the WT/Battery system and higher excess generation for the PV/Battery system. The results show that the hybrid PV/WT/Battery system can provide reliable, cost-effective, and zero-emission electricity for rural electrification in Nigeria. Sensitivity analysis identifies solar irradiation and nominal discount rate as the most influential parameters affecting system economics.
Keywords:
battery
HOMER
hybrid renewable energy
solar photovoltaic
techno-economic
wind turbine
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