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Optimization of PV/T parameters and dynamic energy simulation of a detached single-family house targeting net zero energy building status
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DOI：10.1007/s10973-026-16044-8.png)
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Abstract
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This study focuses on optimization of photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) parameters, assessment of the energy efficiency and economic feasibility of detached single-family home designed to meet net-zero energy building (nZEB) standards using renewable energy systems. Dynamic energy simulation is carried out using TRNSYS software to balance the annual energy demand of the house with renewable energy supply system (RESS). The house incorporates roof-mounted PV/T panels, which provide both electricity and domestic hot water (DHW). A ground source heat pump (GSHP) is used to fulfill the heating and cooling needs of the home. The optimization is performed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm implemented in the GenOpt software. The optimal tilt and azimuth angles are found to be 33.71° and 0°, respectively, for the Bursa province. The minimum PV/T surface area required to meet the energy needs of the house and achieve net-zero energy status is calculated as 31.02 m2. The PV/T panels achieve solar fraction of 0.93 for DHW production. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for Mediterranean subtropical climate and arid climate. Validation of the simulation outcomes is conducted using standard ASHRAE methodologies. Life cycle savings (LCS) analysis shows payback period of 3.8 years. Furthermore, the system contributes to an annual reduction of 10 tons of CO2 emissions.
Keywords:
Net zero energy building (nZEB)
TRNSYS simulation
Photovoltaic–thermal panels (PV/T)
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm
Life cycle savings (LCS)
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3.1
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1.8W
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