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Optimization strategy and research progress of aqueous Zn-iodine batteries based on electrolyte engineering
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DOI：10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217845.png)
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Abstract
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Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries (AZIBs) have become ideal candidates owing to their advantages such as abundant Zn/iodine resources, low cost, environmental friendliness throughout the life cycle, and safety of aqueous electrolytes. However, they are limited by the shuttle of polyiodides, side reactions of Zn anodes, and water molecule parasitic reactions, resulting in low coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. As the core regulatory medium, the optimization of electrolytes is the key to breaking through the bottleneck. At present, three major optimization strategies including functional additives, deep eutectic electrolytes, and hydrogel electrolytes have been adopted to address these issues. However, the three major strategies still face challenges such as poor stability of additives, high concentration/viscosity, easy aging of hydrogels, and insufficient large-scale verification. Additionally, systematic discussions on these strategies and corresponding challenges remain insufficient. Hence, this review will systematically clarify the energy storage mechanism of AZIBs, analyze the micromechanisms and performance gains of the three major electrolyte strategies, examine common issues, and look forward to development directions such as multi-component collaboration, in-situ characterization, and multi-scale simulation, providing theoretical support for the rational design and industrialization of highperformance AZIBs.
Keywords:
AZIBs
Energy storage mechanisms
Multi-iodide shuttle
Zn dendrite growth
Electrolyte optimization strategies
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