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Optimizing ultrasound-assisted extraction process of anti-inflammatory ingredients from Launaea sarmentosa: A novel approach
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DOI：10.1515/gps-2025-0079.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Launaea sarmentosa, a creeping herb, is utilized in folk medicines, either alone or in combination with other herbs, to treat various inflammatory diseases. Yet, the extraction efficiency improvement for its anti-inflammatory components has never been inspected deeply. Hence, response surface methodology was first employed to optimize the parameters of the ultrasound-assisted extraction process, approaching anti-inflammatory ingredients from Launaea sarmentosa via nitric oxide (NO) scavenging capacity. According to the Box-Behnken design model, the optimum parameters are as follows: solvent-to-solid ratio of 20.81 mLg-1, extraction time of 15.72 min, and temperature of 51.80 degrees C using absolute ethanol (99.8%) at a constant frequency of 37 kHz. For such optimized conditions, the actual IC50 value of NO removal capacity gained 206.56 mu gmL-1, which agreed with the obtained model value (IC50, 209.68 mu gmL-1). Besides, the enhanced presence of anti-inflammatory ingredients was confirmed by deactivating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-& kcy;B) signaling, thereby suppressing NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the initial life cycle assessment results indicated that the extraction process was environmentally friendly, with low-impact indicators on ecosystems. Lastly, these findings offer valuable insight into the anti-inflammatory extraction process of L. sarmentosa through a novel approach, along with its potential for green and sustainable industrial applications.
Keywords:
anti-inflammatory
response surface methodology
Launaea sarmentosa
life cycle assessment
optimization
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