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Orchestrating Communication, Computing, and Energy Transfer for Wireless-Powered 6G Closed-Loop Controls
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DOI：10.1109/jsac.2026.3715454.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Future sixth generation (6G) communications are expected to support robotic control tasks in applications such as industrial automation and emergency response, where sensors, computing units, and robots are interconnected via nervous system-like networks to form sensing-communication-computing-control (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textbf {SC}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) closed loops. However, the limited battery capacities of devices within these <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textbf {SC}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> loops constrain operational duration and degrade control efficiency, particularly in remote or post-disaster scenarios. To address this challenge, wireless power transfer (WPT) can be leveraged to provide continuous energy supply for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textbf {SC}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> closed loops. In this paper, we investigate a wireless-powered <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textbf {SC}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> system, where a satellite transfers energy via radio frequency (RF) signals to support the communication and computing processes of multiple <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textbf {SC}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> closed loops. By accounting for the intricate coupling among computing, communication, and energy transfer, we propose a holistic design framework to enhance overall control performance. Specifically, we adopt the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) cost as the performance metric and formulate a sum LQR cost minimization problem. The uplink/downlink transmit power, bandwidth allocation, computing capability, communication/computing time allocation, and WPT power allocation are jointly optimized. We recast the problem into a more tractable form and develop an iterative algorithm to solve it. For the special case of a single loop, we further analyze the properties of optimal solutions in energy-limited scenarios to provide insights for practical parameter configuration. Simulation results demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed scheme.
Keywords:
Closed-loop control
complex coupling
satellite
wireless power transfer (WPT)
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