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Over-the-Air Electromagnetic Signal Processing: From fundamentals to emerging paradigms

delete2026-02-18
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PRE
AI
D
Davide Dardari
G
Giulia Torcolacci
G
Gianni Pasolini
N
Nicolò Decarli
M
Michail Matthaiou
DOI:10.1109/MSP.2025.3622001delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
This article provides a tutorial on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">over-the-air electromagnetic (EM) signal processing</i> (<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESP</i>) for next-generation wireless networks, addressing the limitations of digital processing to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of future 6G systems. It explores the integration of electromagnetism and signal processing (SP) under a unified framework by highlighting how their convergence can drive innovations for 6G technologies. Key topics include EM wave-based processing, the application of metamaterials and advanced antennas to optimize EM field manipulation with a reduced number of radio-frequency (RF) chains, and their applications in holographic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. By showcasing enabling technologies and use cases, the article illustrates how wave-based processing can minimize energy consumption, complexity, and latency, offering an effective framework for more sustainable and efficient wireless systems. This article aims to assist researchers and professionals in integrating advanced EM technologies with conventional SP methods.
Keywords:
Radio frequency
6G mobile communication
Technological innovation
Wireless networks
Tutorials
Signal processing
MIMO
Electromagnetics
Sustainable development
Next generation networking

Journal

IEEE Signal Processing Magazine cover
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
IF:
9.6
Papers:
1.1W
Citations:
1.7W

Organization

Q
Queen's University Belfast
Scholars:
1.6W
Papers: 1.7W
Citations: 2.5W
N
National Research Council of Italy
Scholars:
101
Papers: 38
Citations: 0
U
university of bologna
Scholars:
4.9K
Papers: 2.1K
Citations: 0
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