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Parameterization of ground ice dynamics in permafrost models: Advances, challenges, and future directions
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DOI：10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105637.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Ground ice strongly controls permafrost thermal state, hydrological, and mechanical behaviour. • Current models differ widely in how they represent ground ice thaw and formation. • The processes and mechanisms of ground ice change remain insufficiently understood. • Simplified schemes often miss excess-ice heterogeneity and nonlinear surface deformation. • Future models should integrate coupled physics, data assimilation, and artificial intelligence.
Keywords:
Permafrost
Ground ice
Numerical modelling
Surface deformation
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