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Particle concentration and size effect on mechanical properties of natural-hydroxyapatite reinforced high-density polyethylene composite
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DOI：10.1177/09673911241313175.png)
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Abstract
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High-density polyethylene (HDPE), which can be recycled up to ten times, is combined with natural hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) derived from waste cow bones to create polymer composite materials. This study assesses how variations in n-HAp concentration and particle size affect the mechanical properties of recycled HDPE (rHDPE). The methodology involved synthesizing n-HAp from cow bones, followed by shredding, and pelletizing rHDPE. Composites were produced via compression molding by incorporating n-HAp at concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight, with particle sizes classified as fine, medium, and coarse (200, 500, and 1000 mu m, respectively). Mechanical testing was used to evaluate the tensile, flexural, and impact properties, while optical microscopy was used to characterize particle dispersion within the composite matrix. The results revealed that a maximum tensile strength of 110.85 MPa at 10 wt %. medium n-HAp, decreasing at higher concentrations. The modulus peaked at 20% wt., measuring 1137.4 MPa, before entering a plastic region owing to defect-induced rupture. The flexural strength reached 103.9 MPa with 10% wt. Coarse particles, while energy absorption peaked at 48.57 J at 10% wt., indicating an effective fracture resistance. This demonstrated the potential of rHDPE and n-HAp composites to produce biodegradable materials contributing to waste valorization and sustainability.
Keywords:
Natural-hydroxyapatite
high-density polyethylene
composite
particle size and concentration
mechanical properties
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